From : netvalley

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資工2B 簡伯松

School ID : 9003094a

原文

A Few Quotes From...
矽谷的歷史

by Gregory Gromov

在一開始只是一個”字”，這個字就是　矽谷 。Don Hoefler 創造了這個字　矽谷，他相信: 矽谷是在地球上唯一的地方不是嘗試著去 figure out 　如何去變成　”矽谷”。 Robert Metcalfe

矽谷 是一個坐落在 舊金山　加州　半島以 史丹彿大學為中心成散發狀的地方. 它在舊金山境內東邊有湖，西方聖克魯茲山，南臨Coast Range 。_1.在世紀的末期，因為果樹的支配，使得這個Heart's Delight山谷而被知道"

Carolyn E. Tajnai, (1988 - 1997) Stanford Computer Forum的前局長開始廣泛描寫矽谷歷史的一份線上手稿，對有些www來說是最好的個人詮釋。

在40年前，史丹彿大學發生了一些財政上的問題. _2.大學中掌權人士嘗試以欺騙學校部分的土地來做99年的高科技的公司來解決問題

Carolyn Tajnai 很詳細的澄清史丹彿大學的這件歷史 :

" 在1950, 己有計劃建立一個工業區。這大學有著超過8000英畝的土地....但是在戰後學校需要錢來籌措資金。 Leland Stanford 原來的遺言中是禁止出售這塊土地，但是沒有辦法去防止它被出租。_3.它長期的出租結果是正好吸引企業取得所有權;因此,史丹彿工業區就被發掘出來了。這個結果建立了一個高科技中心緊鄰著合作大學。它發掘出天材,和 Terman, 稱為``我們的密袐武器,'' 很快的被建議對於高科技公司應建立有限的租期，這有助利於史丹彿。在1951 Varian Associates 這間公司簽下租賃，並在1953這間公司遷移入這個工業區的第一棟建築。Eastman Kodak, General Electric, Preformed Line Products, Admiral Corporation, Shockley Transistor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Lockheed, Hewlett-Packard, 和其它的公司很快的尾隨遷入." Fred Terman, The father of Silicon Valley by Carolyn Tajnai, 1995

根據 Varian Associates 這是精簡的結論:

這一段不會翻譯 >.<”

"Gradually, facilities were moved from leased quarters in San Carlos to a quiet corner of Stanford land, thus creating what is today the Company's headquarters site, and incidentally bringing into being the Stanford Industrial Park - the most successful complex of its kind in the world."  Source: Varian Associates: An Early History

矽谷的第一棟建築

Varian Associates 的第一棟建築, 史丹彿工業區, 帕羅奧多市, 加州, 1953.
來源: "Russell and Sigurd Varian - The Inventor and The Pilot", by Dorothy Varian. Palo Alto, 1983, p.258.

這張照片是在1995年經過Varian Associates 的同意而翻拍

它是深不疑　還是... 只是引誘長遠的研究分析?

在不同的機構之間在建立矽谷的過程中史丹彿研究協會(SRI)可以當做一個象徵的手段　: 第二次世界大戰後，工業股票的正在大幅成長使經濟結構復甦 。一個小型的商業經營管理團体與史丹彿大學產生結合, 史丹彿研究協會(our founding name)是在 1946成立在西岸中心用來更新制度支撐在這個地方的經濟上的發展。 世界上的第一台電腦 (ENIAC, weighing in at 30 tons) 被制定，最新消息是矽谷一棟３個房間的房子可賣 $10,000. 來源 : SRI Timeline

.

或許它只是一個原因，為什麼致少有一些SRI的人似乎懷疑上面矽谷的第一棟建築的照片。資深的局長Alice Resnick， 法人和行銷交流SRI為我們寫了國際性的文章是有關於這個主題　31 Jan 2002 14:41:03 -0800: 例如, 在1947年 SRI 在 Menlo Park有一棟建築 (one that we still occupy) ，當在大家稱呼它為”矽谷的第一棟建築” 的幾年前 : 第一 Varian Associates 建築, 史丹彿工業區, 帕羅奧多市, 加州, 1953" 網業是 http://netvalley.com/.

在1995 William Hewlett決定以很有他自己的思想來描寫矽谷的誔生

矽谷的超級新星: 這意味什麼?

"...在1995年的 六月, I had lunch at the Stanford Park Hotel and while leaving, I noticed a man holding a cane and sitting on a bench as though waiting for someone. I walked on by and then stopped, turned around, and walked back. I said, "Are you Mr. Hewlett?", and he replied, "Yes". I thanked him for his kindness in verifying information for me when I was writing my paper on "Fred Terman, The Father of Silicon Valley. "He said "But Fred Terman didn't start Silicon Valley; the beginning of Silicon Valley was a supernova." He asked if I knew what a supernova was and I said yes, that it was an explosion of a large star. Mr. Hewlett spoke so softly that it was difficult to catch every word, but he proceeded to explain that a supernova caused a rippling effect that set the stage for future events. He explained that Lee de Forest, who was an electronics pioneer in the Palo Alto area in the early part of the Century, and his work were the supernova". (c) Carolyn Tajnai, 1995

Bill Hewlett, center, with his partner David Packard, left, and former Provost Frederick Terman, who inspired the two graduate students to follow their dream of starting an electronics company. Hewlett and Packard honored their mentor by funding construction of the Terman Engineering Building, dedicated in 1952. (Source: Stanford News Service)

Moving to California in 1910, Le De Forest ( photo above --  De Forest, Palo Alto, 1915 ) worked for Federal Telegraph Company at Palo Alto. While there, de Forest finally made his Audion tube perform as an amplifier and sold it to the telephone company as an amplifier of transcontinental wired phone calls. For this innovation he received $50,000. By the beginning of 1916, he had finally perfected his Audion for its most important task, that of an oscillator for the radiotelephone transmitter. By late 1916 de Forest had begun a series of experimental broadcasts from the Columbia Phonograph Laboratories on 38th Street, using for one of the very first times his Audion as a transmitter of radio: According to de Forest, "The radio telephone equipment consists of two large Oscillion tubes, used as generators of the high frequency current."" Source:  Le De Forest bio . Photo left: Lee De Forest's first Triode or  'Audion', 1906

根據 Rogers and Larsen, 在 1912 "de Forest and 兩個調查員 for the 美國聯邦電信公司, 一個早期的電子商業組織, leaned over a table watching a housefly walk across a sheet of paper. They heard the fly's foot steps amplified 120 times, so that each step sounded like marching boots. This event was the first time that a vacuum tube had amplified a signal; it marked the birth of electronics and opened the door for the development of radio, television, radar, tape recorders, and computers." Also Rogers and Larsen add that, "Lee de Forest had a Stanford University connection; his work was partly financed by Stanford officials and faculty." Links Between Stanford University and Industry, by  Carolyn Tajnai, 1995

矽谷的超級新星: 我們是否真的能看到?

According to astrophysicist Joseph Shklovski (lectures, 1981) the total level of energy produced by human civilization during the last 300 years of industrial revolutions, is still about one hundredth of a percent of the total energy flow that reaches the surface of the earth from the sun. 在近１０年的工業革命同時，全部階層的能量，來自百萬年代多於地球輻射到外太空的能量，自然的將行星加熱到 300k。 From this point, for the last couple of decades, Earth outran planet-giants Jupiter and Saturn and became comparable to Sun. So, for a radio-telescope's observer from outer space, the earth's info-tech revolution looks like the birth of a new bright star on the cold Earth-planet. Source: "National Information Resources", by Gregory Gromov,  Nauka, 1984, p.15

矽谷企業家的事蹟?

Let us take a look again on the live   example. Astronomy Ph.D. Frank Levinson entered optics tech 1980 with Bell Labs. Left 1988 to start Finisar fiber optics -- high speed networking company --  with $60,000. According to the Forbes magazine Finisar worth $8 billion in 2000. Frank clarifies below his personal viewpoint on the sociological nature of Silicon Valley Entrepreneurial Phenomenon:
Despite its many contributions to the world economy, the technical community here in Silicon Valley is actually much smaller than most people believe. People end up making connections in strange ways and often these ties last for many years... My wife Wynnette and I went to dinner at the Flea Street Caf?in Menlo Park recently with a small group to hear a presentation on saving endangered species of domesticated animals such as the Cotswold Lamb. This farm and the organization that supports it was started by Robyn Shotwell Metcalfe...Robyn’s husband is Bob Metcalfe, one of the two inventors of Ethernet. Bob and Dave Boggs invented Ethernet when they were scientists at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the 1970s. 6.Finisar’s 過去的成就，乙太網路是一個很大的因素，而且我們的未來成長是指日可待的。7.Bob 想要創立 3com，然後做個有洞察力．善於表逹的InfoWorld magazine專欄作家。He recently became a venture capitalist with Polaris Ventures. Bob is witty, engaging, way smart, funny and an especially good writer. He is a technologist’s techie. Dave Boggs (the other Ethernet inventor) was also at the Flea Street Caf?dinner with us. Currently, Dave is working on optical extensions for networks in the metropolitan area. He has steeped himself in the technology of networking since the 1970s. Another dinner guest was Ron Crane. Ron was a key technical contributor for 3Com from the very beginning of Ethernet. All of today’s Ethernet adapter cards installed in the tens of millions of PCs throughout the world are related to the first adapter cards built and tested by Ron, who is still very well connected in the networking industry.	You might think that I was invited to attend this dinner because Finisar is a major participant in the Ethernet industry through its Gigabit Ethernet transceivers and other Ethernet modules and because of a professional association I have with Bob. But that’s not the reason we were there. We were invited to this dinner because my cat-loving daughter Alana attended preschool in the late 1980s with Julia Metcalfe, daughter of Robyn and Bob. My wife Wynnette and Robyn also became friends and have stayed in touch. At the time our daughters first met, Bob was already an industry icon and I had to use my wife’s and daughter’s friendships to wedge my way in with the Silicon Valley geniuses behind Ethernet. Bob and Robyn really liked Wynnette and Alana (and eventually me, too!), so our family would often be invited to their social occasions. During those times I would listen carefully for pearls of wisdom on how Finisar could grow and make its mark on the world. One evening years ago, Bob and I talked about Finisar’s early product line and he pointed out that since we were not supporting established standards, our appeal to the industry was being limited. Over the next few years Finisar changed our direction in line with Bob’s counsel and this was a major factor in Finisar's growth during the second half of the 1990s. As Paul Harvey would say, now you know the rest of the story! A Tale of Lambs, Preschoolers and Networking, by Frank Levinson, 2001	.

文藝復興 時的怪胎，駭客

Unfortunately, much of the rest of the world would love to be like Silicon Valley. In one subgenre of the Valley success-myth article, a journalist visits the high-tech heart of a foreign country and asks, "Does this self-styled Silicon Glen/Alley/Gulch/Fjord/Pampas/Polder/Fen have what it takes to match the success of the original?"

8.明確的因為這個山谷擁有文藝復興企業家的．創新的特性，而且在經濟上狂暴的成功。

it has become a model the rest of the world is keen to follow. But if what's being emulated places little value in old ideas of culture and has little interest in developing new ones, aren't we all aspiring to a debased ideal -- to an impoverished kind of Renaissance, devoid of much that makes life rich? Florence had entrepreneurial energy, education, ambition and technology; it also attracted Giotto, Donatello, Dante, Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Petrarch and others besides. Who can Silicon Valley point to?

If the Valley wants to find a way out of the binary thinking that opposes business success and high culture, it only has to look to Renaissance Florence for help. In his "The Building of Renaissance Florence," historian Richard A. Goldthwaite -- in an economic analysis rigorous enough to warm the heart of any Valley CFO -- considered the Florentine approach of building for prestige, history and art's sake and reckoned its worth to the city's economy. The building of the great architectural monuments of Renaissance Florence, he concludes, "resulted in considerable internal development and, ultimately, a more mature economy..."RENAISSANCE GEEKS by Simon Firth, Salon.com, 2000.

更詳細的矽谷企業家的事蹟:

尋根 by David Jacobson, 史丹彿雜誌, July/August 1998

在蕭條期間， 雨個史丹彿的孩子在帕羅奧多市的一間車庫開始一間公司
Bill Hewlett 和 Dave Packard 如何結束發動高科技的革命運動？

矽谷和路128  by Paul Mackun
兩個最主要的高科技產房　:
西岸 – 矽谷 , 東岸- 路128

       See also a version of The History of Silicon Valley, by Alexander Loudon, 1998

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